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61.
中国内陆河流域植被对气候变化的敏感性差异(英文) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Terrestrial ecosystem and climate system are closely related to each other. Faced with the unavoidable global climate change, it is important to investigate terrestrial ecosystem responding to climate change. In inland river basin of arid and semi-arid regions in China, sensitivity difference of vegetation responding to climate change from 1998 to 2007 was analyzed in this paper. (1) Differences in the global spatio-temporal distribution of vegetation and climate are obvious. The vegetation change shows a slight degradation in this whole region. Degradation is more obvious in densely vegetated areas. Temperature shows a gen-eral downward trend with a linear trend coefficient of -1.1467. Conversely, precipitation shows an increasing trend with a linear trend coefficient of 0.3896. (2) About the central tendency response, there are similar features in spatial distribution of both NDVI responding to precipitation (NDVI-P) and NDVI responding to AI (NDVI-AI), which are contrary to that of NDVI responding to air temperature (NDVI-T). Typical sensitivity region of NDVI-P and NDVI-AI mainly covers the northern temperate arid steppe and the northern temperate desert steppe. NDVI-T typical sensitivity region mainly covers the northern temperate desert steppe. (3) Regarding the fluctuation amplitude response, NDVI-T is dominated by the lower sensi-tivity, typical regions of the warm temperate shrubby, selui-shrubby, bare extreme dry desert, and northern temperate meadow steppe in the east and temperate semi-shrubby, dwarf ar-boreous desert in the north are high response. (4) Fluctuation amplitude responses between NDVI-P and NDVI-AI present a similar spatial distribution. The typical sensitivity region mainly covers the northern temperate desert steppe. There are various linear change trend re-sponses of NDVI-T, NDVI-P and NDVI-AI. As to the NDVI-T and NDVI-AI, which are influ-enced by the boundary effect of semi-arid and semi-humid climate zones, there is less cor-relation of their linear change tendency along the border. There is stronger correlation in other regions, especially in the NDVI-T in the northern temperate desert steppe and NDVI-AI in the warm temperate shrubby, selui-shrubby, bare, extreme and dry desert. 相似文献
62.
中国陆地区域陆表温度业务化遥感反演算法及产品运行系统 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
地表温度反演的裂窗算法已成功应用于NOAA系列卫星热红外遥感数据。目前，裂窗算法中应用较为广泛的一种是Becker等人于1990年提出的局地裂窗算法，主要是通过辐射传输模型模拟不同地表条件和大气状况下，地表温度和发射率对红外辐射亮温的影响，从而发展出一个利用AVHRR4，5通道亮温数据反演地表温度的线性模型。在晴空无云和地表比辐射率能精确估算的情况下，Becker算法反演地表温度的精度在1K以内。Becker算法用Lowtran程序模拟计算地表辐射量，且模型中参数主要针对NOAA-9传感器特性得到。本文在Becker算法的基础上，针对NOAA-16／17传感器热红外通道光谱响应函数特性，利用最新的、计算光谱分辨率更高的MODTRAN程序模拟不同大气状况下，不同地表温度和发射率对NOAAAVHRR4，5通道辐射亮温响应特性的影响，改进Becker算法中模型参数，使之能适用于NOAA-16／17热红外数据。同时，本文利用植被指数NDVI，在中国陆地区域lkm分辨率最新地表分类数据的基础上，得到模型中需要的地表比辐射率参数，将改进的模型应用于1km分辨率NOAA17数据，得到了旬合成中国陆地区域范围地表温度，通过地面气象台站实测数据对比验证．取得了较好的结果。 相似文献
63.
TANG ShiHao ? LI XiaoWen WANG JinDi ZHU QiJiang & ZHANG LiHua National Satellite Meteorological Center Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration Validation for Environmental Satellites Chinese Meteorological Administration Beijing China Research Center of Remote Sensing & GIS State Key Lab Remote Sensing Science Beijing Normal University Beijing China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(2):274-282
Different from visible signals, thermal infrared radiances depend on both temperature and emissivity. It is a key problem for us to separate temperature and emissivity in thermal infrared remote sensing re- search. Another difficulty encountered in the retrieval of surface temperature is the correction of downwelling sky irradiance, because it is closely related to surface emissivity. When emissivity is un- known, the downwelling sky irradiance is difficult to be removed. In this paper, we introduce a correc- tion term of downwelling sky irradiance developed by Li and Becker into Wien’s approximation, to de- rive an improved ALPHA difference spectrum which is independent of temperature, and furthermore develop a correction term to remove the error of Wien’s approximation. Under the support of the above work, attractive features of Alpha derived emissivity method and ASTER TES algorithm are combined together to acquire a new Improved TES algorithm based on Corrected ALPHA Difference Spectrum (ICADS TES). Because a multi-band inversion technique is applied, and the operations of band ratios and differences are included in the algorithm, it can partly remove the influence of atmosphere and noises. Numerical simulation experiments show that for various combinations of atmosphere, land covers and surface temperatures, the algorithm is applicable and stable. Its accuracy for temperature is 0―1.5 K, and that for emissivity is 0―0.015. Compared with current TES algorithms, our method has clear physical meaning, is easy to be implemented, and is applicable for a wide temperature range and surface types. The results are not influenced by the directional characteristic of emissivity. Because ICADS TES does not need the support of a priori information of surface types, it is also not influenced by the accuracy of classification and the problem of mixture pixels. Compared with our former TES algorithm based on corrected Alpha difference spectra (CADS TES), the new algorithm takes the effect of downwelling atmospheric radiation into account. When the quantity of atmosphere radiation can be estimated precisely, the performance of ICADS TES is much better. 相似文献
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65.
Peng ZHANG Qifeng LU Xiuqing HU Songyan GU Lei YANG Min MIN Lin CHEN Na XU Ling Sun Wenguang BAI Gang MA Di XIAN 《大气科学进展》2019,36(9):1027-1045
In this paper,the latest progress,major achievements and future plans of Chinese meteorological satellites and the core data processing techniques are discussed.First,the latest three FengYun(FY)meteorological satellites(FY-2H,FY-3D,and FY-4A)and their primary objectives are introduced Second,the core image navigation techniques and accuracies of the FY meteorological satellites are elaborated,including the latest geostationary(FY-2/4)and polar-orbit(FY-3)satellites.Third,the radiometric calibration techniques and accuracies of reflective solar bands,thermal infrared bands,and passive microwave bands for FY meteorological satellites are discussed.It also illustrates the latest progress of real-time calibration with the onboard calibration system and validation with different methods,including the vicarious China radiance calibration site calibration,pseudo invariant calibration site calibration,deep convective clouds calibration,and lunar calibration.Fourth,recent progress of meteorological satellite data assimilation applications and quantitative science produce are summarized at length.The main progress is in meteorological satellite data assimilation by using microwave and hyper-spectral infrared sensors in global and regional numerical weather prediction models.Lastly,the latest progress in radiative transfer,absorption and scattering calculations for satellite remote sensing is summarized,and some important research using a new radiative transfer model are illustrated. 相似文献
66.
为解决月球对风云三号卫星微波湿度计在轨实时辐射定标的影响问题,该文根据风云三号卫星微波湿度计在轨实时观测数据分析,通过多项式拟合分析技术,建立修正模型,消除月球影响,得到合理的辐射定标结果。风云三号卫星微波湿度计在轨实测数据分析表明:月球对风云三号卫星微波湿度计在轨辐射定标结果影响最严重时一天内可干扰4~5条轨道,每条轨道有近100个扫描周期受到污染。月球影响致使冷空定标观测数据跳升1000个计数值,如果不进行污染滤除会造成对地观测亮温下降约20 K,导致辐射资料无法同化进入数值天气预报模式。通过与同类载荷的交叉比对分析,修正月球影响后,风云三号卫星微波湿度计在轨实时辐射定标结果精度与在轨测试结果相当。 相似文献
67.
T639-GSI全球系统同化AMSU-A资料的过程中,目前使用的月平均积雪产品并不能反映中高纬度大陆上快速地降雪/融雪过程,而FY-3C日积雪产品在时间精度上要高于GSI月平均积雪覆盖数据。由于同化系统对AMSU-A较低通道辐射率资料的质量控制需要依据更准确的地表积雪信息,所以本文结合冬春季节的FY-3C日积雪产品和NCEP再分析资料,研究了北半球中高纬度地区不同积雪覆盖率初值对分析场不同高度层温度场的影响,以及在同化过程中对预报结果的影响。结果表明,在对AMSU-A辐射率资料的质量控制中,月平均积雪数据和日积雪产品对温度场影响较大的区域与两者积雪覆盖差异区域有明显的对应;冬春季节,使用FY-3C日积雪产品代替GSI月平均积雪数据作为背景场中积雪下垫面数据,对进入同化系统的AMSU-A辐射率资料质量控制时,120 h之内1000—600 h Pa的中低层温度场的预报效果得到改善。 相似文献
68.
FY-3B卫星VIRR仪器的向外长波辐射(outgoing long-wave radiation,OLR)产品处理采用与NOAA/AVHRR相同的算法模型,即用窗区通道亮温-通量等效亮度温度的回归关系式计算OLR,但两星的OLR业务产品与目前国际质量最好的云和地球辐射能量系统(cloud and earth’s radiant energy system,CERES)仪器观测OLR产品相比,存在约10 W·m~(-2)的系统负偏差。FY-3B的原因在于OLR反演模式建立过程中红外辐射传输计算软件的精度不够。鉴于此,本文采用美国21世纪开发的逐线辐射传输模型计算软件(LBLRTM),模拟计算了全球2521条大气廓线的大气顶辐射率光谱,在此基础上计算了每条廓线的OLR和FY-3B/VIRR窗区通道亮温,应用最小二乘法统计回归模拟数据,重新建立了由FY-3B/VIRR窗区通道亮温计算OLR的回归关系式及系数。模式应用于FY-3BL1级数据,处理2016年1,3,7和10月的FY-3B逐日全球OLR资料,该资料与AQUA-TERRA卫星的CERES仪器OLR观测产品相比,得到日平均OLR:RMSE=9~15 W·m~(-2),R=0.9834,Bias=-0.3W·m~(-2);月平均OLR:RMSE=4~7W·m~(-2),R=0.9915,Bias=-0.3W·m~(-2),表明改进的模式能处理出无系统偏差的、精度基本与CERES观测相当的OLR产品,尽管单通道反演算法有着固有的模式回归误差。 相似文献
69.
准确获取气溶胶光学厚度对于气候变化研究和大气环境监测具有重要意义。通过波长插值和时空匹配方法,利用气溶胶自动观测站网（AERONET）观测的气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）对风云3A/中分辨率光谱成像仪（FY-3A/MERSI）、Terra（Aqua）/MODIS的C5.1（Collections 5.1）和C6（Collections 6）气溶胶光学厚度产品在中国区域的反演精度进行验证分析。结合一次发生在中国境内的沙尘天气与一次严重雾霾天气个例,分析上述卫星气溶胶光学厚度的分布特征。研究结果表明,（1）FY-3A/MERSI AOD的反演精度较高（R=0.887,RMSE=0.234）,其值低于AERONET的观测值（Bias=-0.293）。（2）在不同的下垫面下,各种卫星暗像元算法AOD产品反演精度有差异,植被覆盖情况越好,反演精度越高,而植被很少的地区,即亮地表甚至没有反演值。（3）MODIS C5.1深蓝算法产品能在亮地表地区反演AOD,但效果不佳。MODIS C6中的深蓝算法产品在不同下垫面的反演精度都很高（RMSE为0.096-0.127）。（4）在不同季节的对比中,各种卫星AOD产品在夏季的反演精度最差,而反演最好的季节各有不同。（5）在一次沙尘天气污染与一次严重雾霾天气个例中,中国西部与北部区域,MODIS C6深蓝算法AOD的监测效果优于其他算法AOD;MERSI AOD产品在此区域的分布不连续。总体而言,MODIS C6 AOD分布比MODIS C5.1产品连续,MODIS 3 km产品在相同区域的AOD值高于其他产品。以上结论可为卫星AOD产品在中国区域的使用提供参考。 相似文献
70.
利用地学统计中的变差函数,采用循环采样法对敦煌辐射校正场表面反射比的空间分布特征进行了测量和分析,结果表明,其可见光光谱区表面反射比的空间变程约为20～50 m。目前使用的同步测量采样范围（〈5 m）明显小于光谱数据的空间变程,使得测量数据的随机性误差较大,不能准确地代表大尺度的平均反射比。为了减少测量尺度差异造成的偏差,地表同步反射比测量的空间采样范围应该不小于卫星光谱测量数据的空间变程。 相似文献